Which type of system typically requires a license to operate for broadcasting?

Community Antenna Television Systems (CATS), also known as cable television systems, typically require a license to operate. This is primarily because they involve the transmission of broadcast television signals to a sizable audience, which necessitates adherence to regulations set forth by authorities such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States.

These regulations ensure that the signals are delivered consistently and interfere minimally with other communication systems. Operators must adhere to specific technical standards and obtain the proper licenses to provide service legally in their areas.

In contrast, home broadband networks generally don't require special licenses for individual residential users, as they operate within the framework set by commercial internet service providers. Wireless communication systems may require licenses depending on frequencies used, but not all wireless communication necessarily falls under a licensing requirement. Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) systems operate over the internet, thus typically falling outside traditional broadcasting regulations and licensing requirements for television transmission.